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Inorganic compounds are chemical substances that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, distinguishing them from organic compounds. These materials are primarily composed of metals, non-metals, and minerals, forming a wide range of structures with diverse properties. Inorganic compounds play essential roles in industrial processes, biological systems, and technological applications. This article explores common types of inorganic compounds, their classifications, and examples, supported by illustrative tables.

Classification of Inorganic Compounds

Inorganic compounds can be categorized based on their chemical composition and bonding characteristics. Major classes include:

1. Oxides – Compounds containing oxygen and another element.

2. Peroxides – Compounds with an oxygen-oxygen (O-O) bond.

3. Acids and Bases – Substances that release H⁺ or OH⁻ ions in solution.

4. Salts – Ionic compounds formed from acid-base reactions.

5. Hydrides – Compounds containing hydrogen bonded to a metal or non-metal.

The following sections focus on oxides and peroxides as key examples.

1. Oxides: Types and Applications

Oxides are classified based on their chemical behavior:

Table 1: Common Types of Oxides and Their Uses

2. Peroxides: Properties and Uses

Peroxides contain the peroxide ion (O₂²⁻) and are strong oxidizing agents.

Table 2: Common Peroxides and Their Applications

Comparison Between Oxides and Peroxides

Conclusion

Inorganic compounds, including oxides and peroxides, are fundamental in chemistry and industry. Oxides serve critical roles in construction, manufacturing, and environmental processes, while peroxides are vital for disinfection, propulsion, and chemical synthesis. Understanding their properties enables advancements in materials science, medicine, and sustainable technologies.