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Textile Detergent Additives

IntroductionThe following table summarizes the main types of textile detergent additives, their

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The following table summarizes the main types of textile detergent additives, their functions, and common chemical compositions:

Additive TypePrimary FunctionCommon Chemical CompositionApplication Notes
SurfactantsReduce surface tension, enhance wetting & stain removalAnionic (LAS, SLES), Nonionic (AE, APG), Cationic (Quats)Key for oil & grease removal; foam control needed
BuildersSoften water, prevent redepositionZeolites, Sodium Carbonate, STPP (banned in some regions)Improves surfactant efficiency in hard water
EnzymesBreak down protein/starch-based stainsProteases, Amylases, Lipases, CellulasesLow-temperature effectiveness; pH-sensitive
Bleaching AgentsOxidize and remove colored stainsSodium Percarbonate, TAED (activator for low temp)Activated at 60°C+; hydrogen peroxide release
Anti-redeposition AgentsPrevent soil from reattaching to fabricCarboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), PVPsCritical for washing dark/colored fabrics
Optical BrightenersAbsorb UV light & emit blue fluorescenceStilbene derivatives (e.g., DAS1. CBS-X)Mask yellowing; ineffective on natural fibers
FragrancesProvide pleasant odorMicroencapsulated esters, aldehydes, or terpenesSlow-release technology for longevity
Corrosion InhibitorsProtect washing machine componentsSodium Silicate, BenzotriazoleEspecially important in powder detergents

Key Trends (2020s):

Eco-friendly shifts: Replacement of phosphates (STPP) with zeolites/citrates; biodegradable surfactants (APG).

Cold-wash focus: Enzyme optimization and bleach activators (TAED) for energy savings.

Microplastic concerns: Phasing out polyethylene-based anti-redeposition agents.

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